valguslainete interferentsil põhinev lainepikkuse ja murdumisnäitajate mõõteriist
instrument in which an acoustic, optical, or microwave interference pattern of fringes is formed and used to make precision measurements, mainly of wavelength
Hea teada
Interferometers are widely used in science and industry for the measurement of small displacements, refractive index changes and surface irregularities. See also: interferometry (related) [ IATE:1485237 ]
Tuntuim on Michelsoni interferomeeter, selle abil lahutatakse ühest valgusallikast lähtuv valguskiir poolläbipaistva peegli abil kaheks ristsihiliseks kiireks.
Typically in an interferometer, a wave is split into two parts, which travel different paths and the waves are then combined to create interference. When the paths differ by an even number of half-wavelengths, the superposed waves are in phase and constructive interference is observed, increasing the amplitude of the output wave. When they differ by an odd number of half-wavelengths, the combined waves are 180° out of phase and destructive interference is observed, decreasing the amplitude of the output. Anything that changes the phase of one of the beams by only 180° shifts the interference from a maximum to a minimum.
