frequency shift in the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of a paramagnetic species that refers to the relative shift in NMR frequency for atoms in a metal (e.g., sodium) compared with the same atoms in a nonmetallic environment (e.g., as a salt), nihe paramagnetiliste osakeste tuumamagnetresonantsspektris, mis osutab sageduste erinevusele metalli puhul võrrelduna sama metalli sagedusega mittemetallide keskkonnas, nt soolades