voice originating from a different narrative level than the (intra)diegetic level (FILMTERM), i.e. character [or narrator] speaking is either not physically present in the scene, or the dialogue is a rendering of the character’s internal voice [or thoughts]. (Dancyger & Rush, 2013, p. 328) In the screenplay abbreviated as V.O. and written in parentheses next to a character's or narrator's name in capital letters. Also used to designate any voice originating from an electronic device such as telephone, television or radio. (FILMTERM)"