an error in sample estimates which cannot be attributed to sampling fluctuations. Such errors may arise from many different sources such as defects in the frame, faulty demarcation of sample units, defects in the selection of sample units, mistakes in the collection of data due to personal variations or misunderstandings or bias or negligence or dishonesty on the part of the investigator or of the interviewee, mistakes at the stage of the processing of the data, etc.
Non-sampling errors ... Frame errors ... Measurement and processing errors ... Non-response errors ... Model assumption errors ...
Good to know
The term "response error" is sometimes used for mistakes in the collection of data and would not, strictly speaking, cover errors due to non-response. The use of the word "bias" in the place of error, e.g."response bias", is not uncommon. The term "ascertainment error" (Mahalanobis) is preferable as it would include errors due to non-response and also cases of collection of data by methods other than interviewing, e.g.direct physical observation of fields for crop estimates.
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