This term refers to two directives in the field of mutual recognition of professional qualifications: Directive 89/48/EEC of 21 December 1988, on a general system for the recognition of higher-education diplomas awarded on completion of professional education and education and training of at least three years' duration, and Directive 92/51/EEC of 18 June 1992, on a second general system for the recognition of professional education and education and training to supplement Directive 89/48/EEC. The two Directives have the advantage of covering all regulated activities and professions that do not fall under a specific directive, while introducing machinery for the semi-automatic recognition of education and training.