teatud bakteritele iseloomulik viis vahetada geene ühest bakterrakust teise bakterrakku viidud peene toru kaudu
geneetilise materjali (DNA) kandumine ühest bakterirakust (doonorist ehk nn isasrakust) teise (retsipienti ehk nn emasrakku)
the process of union between two cells or gametes. In prokaryotes (bacteria), genetic material is transferred via sex pili. In certain ciliate protozoans, eg Paramedicum, sexual reproduction and transfer of micronuclei occurs.
in bacterial genetics, a form of mating by direct cell contact in which a donor bacterium contributes DNA to a recipient
Techniques referred to in Article 2 (b) (ii) which are not considered to result in genetic modification, on condition that they do not involve the use of recombinant-DNA molecules or genetically modified organisms:
(1) in vitro fertilization;
(2) conjugation, transduction, transformation or any other natural process;
(3) polyploidy induction.
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