the profession of designing and executing structural works that serve the general public, originally the whole of non-military engineering, the sense has now become limited to that part which is neither mechanical nor electrical, study of the design, construction and management of infrastructural facilities (railways, roads, brigdes, tunnels, polders, ports and airports, sluices, dykes, drilling rigs, sewer sytems and water purification plants). Specialisations in mechanics and structures; hydraulic engineering; structural and building engineering; transportation planning and highway engineering; sanitary engineering and water management; planning,design and management; and offshore engineering, that species of knowledge which constitutes the profession of a Civil Engineer; being the art of directing the great sources of power in Nature for the use and convenience of man, as the means of production and of traffic in States both for external and internal trade, as applied in the construction of roads, bridges, aqueducts, canals, river navigation and docks, for internal intercourse and exchange; and in the construction of ports, harbours, moles, breakwaters and lighthouses, and in the art of navigation by artificial power for the purposes of commerce; and in the construction and adaptation of machinery; and in the drainage of cities and towns. Of course, added to this are the particular forms of construction that serve modern needs, such as airports, highways, dams, tunnels, and power stations of various types ...