tulemus, mille kutsub esile ühe kauba või teenuse asendamine mõne teisega
variation in the quantity demanded of a particular product as a result of a change in the price of another substitute product, the level of income remaining constant
Portugal Telecom earns about 6 % of its revenues from the provision of leased circuits (in 1995 Esc 23 billion out of a turnover of Esc 393 billion). The immediate lifting of restrictions on the use of alternative infrastructures could lead to a loss of Esc 24 billion over a period of five years, resulting from a substitution effect (loss of customers to the providers of alternative networks) and a revenue effect (need to reduce tariffs to remain competitive). This loss could have implications on the level of the financing of the universal service, since at the same time Portugal Telecom will be affected by the liberalization of satellite communications and of the provision of services to closed user groups ...
