The ship needs to use the loading instrument to effectively monitor stresses and the terminal must advise on loading rates and maintain accuracy as far as quantities are concerned. ... Apart from experience, the master and his officers have some tools at their disposal in the form of the loading manual and loading instrument and it is the latter, with decent information from the terminal with respect to loading rates and amounts, that help to prevent any over-stressing. Although the technology behind most of the loading instruments is at least 10 years old, and improvements could easily be made, good control can be achieved with the current instruments provided they are used at regular intervals during the cargo handling process with decent input from the terminals. ... Class requirements for loading manuals and loading instruments for bulk carriers have recently been overhauled and are defined in an updated IACS unified requirement UR S1 and S1A. IACS UR S1A, adopted by all IACS members, requires that loading instruments are fitted on all bulk carriers of length 150 metres and above from 1 July 1998. (IMO will require them by July 1999.) ... The loading plan is perhaps the key document in the whole cargo handling process and the basis for achieving safe loading or unloading. It should preferably be developed with the aid of the loading instrument to ensure that permissible stresses are not exceeded during the loading process and, if the plan does change, the resultant effect on the ship should be checked by the loading instrument.
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