1. suurus, mis iseloomustab olulisemate elementide (C, Si, P jt) mõju malmi struktuurile (vaba grafiidi olemasolule); 2. terase keevitatavust iseloomustav parameeter, mis iseloomustab terase koostises olevate keemiliste elementide (C, Mn, Si, Cr jt) mõju keevitatavusele, 1. an index (CE) that combines the effect of C, Si, and P upon eutectic; it shows how close is a given composition of cast iron to the theoretical iron-carbon eutectic (CE = 4.3) and, therefore, how much free graphite is likely to be present for a given cooling rate; 2. an empirical relationship that attempts to understand the susceptibility of carbon and alloy steels to hydrogen-induced cracking