the science and technology of winning metals from their ores and purifying metals; its two chief branches are extractive metallurgy and refining (see: metallurgy, extractive metallurgy, refining), metallurgiaharu, mis tegeleb maakidest ja teistest lähtematerjalidest metallide tootmise ning nende vääristamise/rafineerimisega; kaks peamist haru on ekstraktiivne metallurgia ja rafineerimine (vt metallurgia, ekstraktiivmetallurgia, rafineerimine)