Premium shall be paid on the chargeable amount and shall be based, as far as possible, on minimum premium benchmarks. The benchmarks shall be expressed in percentages of a reference value as if the premium were collected in full at the date of the insurance or guarantee; for credit risk this reference value shall at least be, respectively, the amount of the principal of the loan or the (re-)financed portion of the commercial contract, and for manufacturing risk the total contract value minus the downpayment.