a large, deciduous shrub or small tree native to southwest Asia and the eastern Mediterranean region (Greece east to Afghanistan)
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Vt ka kirjeid "viigipuu - fig (Ficus L.)" ja "viigimari - fig". [6.02.2019]
Ficus carica grows to a height of 3-10 meters tall, with smooth grey bark. The leaves are 12-25 centimeters (cm) long and 10-18 cm across, and deeply lobed with three or five lobes. The sap of the tree's green parts is an irritant to human skin. The multiple fruit is three to five centimeters long, and typically green when immature and purple when ripe.
Tuntuim viljapuuliik ja lähistroopika vanimaid kultuurtaimi on heitlehine harilik viigipuu (F. carica), kelle looduslik levila ulatub Vahemere maadelt Indiani. Teda viljeldakse ka USA-s, Mehhikos, Peruus, Brasiilias, Argentinas, Lõuna-Aafrika Vabariigis, Austraalias, Jaapanis ja Hiinas. Värskete viigimarjade maailmatoodang on umbes 1,5 miljonit t aastas. Tähtsaimad viigimarjade eksportijad on Türgi, Portugal, Hispaania, Itaalia ja Kreeka.
Viigimarjadeks ehk viikideks (ingl. k fig, soome k viikuna) kutsutavaid puuvilju kasvatab mooruspuuliste sugukonda kuuluv harilik viigipuu (Ficus carica).
The common fig (Ficus carica) is cultivated for its pear-shaped edible fruits, which are really hollow fleshy receptacles (syconia) containing hundreds of male and female flowers.
The common fig is indigenous to an area extending from Asiatic Turkey to northern India, but natural seedlings grow in most Mediterranean countries; it is cultivated in warm climates. In the Mediterranean region the fig is so widely used, both fresh and dried, that it is called “the poor man’s food.” The fruit contains significant amounts of calcium, potassium, phosphorus, and iron.
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