benchmark, bench mark, datum mark, reference mark, height mark, surveying staff, point of reference, junction bench mark, fixed point, point of control, bimetallic positional and height mark, network point, base frame
tugi- ehk lähtemärk veepinna taseme ja maapinna reljeefi kõrguste mõõtmisel, term originates from the chiseled horizontal marks that surveyors made in stone structures, into which an angle-iron could be placed to form a "bench" for a leveling rod, thus ensuring that a leveling rod could be accurately repositioned in the same place in the future, märk nivelleerimisel määratud kõrguse tähistamiseks (nt reeper), figure, letter, or typographical symbol used in indicating a cross-reference, or referring to a footnote or endnote
