Haigustekitajaks on Lähis-Ida respiratoorse sündroomi koroonaviirus (MERS-CoV), mis on inimpatogeenne ning loompatogeenne üksikutele loomaliikidele eeskätt kaamelitele ja nahkhiirtele.
Nii näiteks on uuel aastatuhandel edukateks osutunud SARS-koroonaviirus, MERS-koroonaviirus, aga ka juba varem tuntud Ebola, Zika ja küllap veel mõned ...
Koroonaviirused on inimeste ja loomade hingamisteede nakkusi põhjustavad viirused, mis kuuluvad nelja – alfa, beeta, gamma ja delta – rühma. Inimpatogeensed on kuus koroonaviirust: alfa-koroonaviirused 229E ja NL63, beeta-koroonaviirused OC43 ja HKU1 ning SARS-koroonaviirus (SARS-CoV) ja MERS-koroonaviirus (MERS-CoV).
In Annex III to Directive 2000/54/EC, in the table concerning VIRUSES (Order ‘Nidovirales’, Family ‘Coronaviridae’, Genus ‘Betacoronavirus’) the following entry is inserted between ‘Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-virus)’ and ‘Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-virus)’: ‘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
MERS is caused by a coronavirus (species Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus of the genus Betacoronavirus) related to the causative virus of SARS.
Bats are a suspected natural reservoir of coronaviruses, and genomic analyses showed that MERS-CoV is closely related to coronaviruses derived from bats.
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