kromosoom

Erialasõnastikud

ID 461133 Viimati muudetud 31.05.2023

kromosoom

chromosome

eukarüootsetes rakkudes mitoosi või meioosi ajal nähtavad valkudega kondenseerunud DNA-molekulid (nukleoproteiinsed kepjad kehakesed)

A chromosome is a structure of DNA, protein, and RNA found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomal DNA encodes most or all of an organism's genetic information; some species also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal genetic elements.
A chromosome is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism.Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing the metaphase of cell division. Before this happens, every chromosome is copied once (S phase), and the copy is joined to the original by a centromere, resulting in an X-shaped structure. The original chromosome and the copy are now called sister chromatids. During metaphase, when a chromosome is in its most condensed state, the X-shape structure is called a metaphase chromosome. In this highly condensed form chromosomes are easiest to distinguish and study.

Hea teada

Struktuurid, mis eukarüootidel koosnevad väga pikast, lineaarsest kaheahelalisest DNA-st ning sellega seotud valkudest. Nad sisaldavad organismi kogu (või osa) pärilikkuse määravast informatsioonist. Looma- või taimeraku mitoosi või meioosi perioodil on kromosoomid mikroskoobiga hästi nähtavad, sest siis on nad kondenseerunud olekus. Enamiku prokarüootide ringjas kaheahelaline DNA sisaldab valdava osa geneetilisest materjalist.

kromosoom

chromosome

Muuttüüp 22e

kromosoom Kreeka sõnadest chrōma 'värvus' ja sōma 'keha'
- Chromosome 'kromosoom' ( Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Harz 1888 )

хромосома

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