raua tardfaasis (st ilma sulatamiseta) taandamine vahetult maagist gaasilisi taandajaid süsinikosiidi (CO) ja vesinikku (H2) kasutades (vt otsetaandus), the removal of oxygen from iron ore or othe iron-bearing materials in solid state ui.e. without melting, as in blast furnace; reducing agents are carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) (see: direct-reduction process)