fuel-fired furnace, flame furnace, flame-contact furnace, combustion furnace, combustion-heated furnace, open-flame furnace
ahi, milles materjalide kuumutamine ja sulatamine toimuvad soojuse toimel, mis tekib kütuse põlemisel; eristatakse otsetoimeleekahje ehk kiirgusahje ja kaudtoimeleekahje (vt kiirgusahi/otsetoimeleekahi, kaudtoimeleekahi), a furnace relying on the combustion of a fuel source to directly or indirectly heat raw materials or to sinter finished parts (see: direct fuel-fired furnace/reverberatory furnace, indirect fuel-fired furnace)