tööriista ja tooriku kontaktpinnal toimivate normaalpingete epüüri „mäekujuline“, kontaktpinna sümmeetriatelje suunaline tõus, mis on seda järsem, mida suurem on hõõrdumine (vt kontakthõõre), shape of the normal pressure-position plot that pertains to the axisymmetric and plain-strain forging of simple and complex shapes; the pressure is approximately equal to the flow stress at the edge of the forging and increases towards the center, thus producing characteristic hill-like shape (see: interface friction)