two closely related activities in modern industry, by which new products and processes are being continually developed, esp. by engineers, designers and applied scientists, from the results of research by scientists such as physicists, chemists and biologists, the acquisition of know-how relating to products or processes and the carrying out of theoretical analysis, systematic study or experimentation, including experimental production, technical testing of products or processes, the establishment of the necessary facilities and the obtaining of intellectual property rights for the results