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in an ion exchanger, the non-exchangeable ions which have a charge opposite to that of the counter-ions, ioonvahetis (ioniidis) sisalduvad mitte-vahetatavad ioonid, millel on kõrvalioonide suhtes vastasnimeline laeng
kinnisioonid . Keemiaterminite baas. Estonian Language Institute, Sõnaveeb 2026. https://sonaveeb.ee/search/unif//kem/kinnisioonid/1/est (04.07.2026)
