The quality of a provision of Community law which causes it to become law in each Member State without being re-enacted in national law (1) The direct applicability of Community law simply means that the latter confers rights and imposes obligations directly not only on the Community institutions and the Member States but also on the Community's citizens. The Member States and their governing institutions and courts are bound directly by the Community law and have to comply with it as they have to comply with domestic law (2)