in the global context, acts of human rights abuses or other serious harm, often, but not always, with a systematic or repetitive element, in the EU context and within the meaning of Art. 1A of the Geneva Convention of 1951, acts which are: (a) sufficiently serious by their nature or repetition as to constitute a severe violation of basic human rights, in particular the rights from which derogation cannot be made under Art. 15(2) of the European Convention on Human Rights; or (b) an accumulation of various measures, including violation of human rights which is sufficiently severe as to affect an individual in a similar manner as mentioned in (a)