the rule-making ministry (Ministry of Transport) sets the regulatory framework. It has to appoint a type-approval authority (for instance, the Kraftfahrtbundesamt in Germany or the Swedish Road Administration), responsible for all aspects of the type-approval of a vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit. The approval authority has the responsibility to issue type-approval certificates, to verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring compliance of production with the approved type and to take appropriate measures to ensure continued conformity of production with the approval certificates (conformity of production assessment) It also serves as the contact point with approval authorities in other Member States. The type-approval authority appoints a technical service (for instance the T_V in Germany or the Swedish Motor Vehicle Inspection), which is responsible for the approval tests required in the framework Directive and the separate directives. The type-approval authority can also carry out the approval tests itself.