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a naturally occurring liquid that is found in certain sedimentary rocks and is composed of hydrocarbons formed by the anaerobic decay of organic matter. Petroleum can be refined to produce gasoline, paraffin, and diesel oil.
Petroleum is believed to have been formed from the remains of living organisms that were deposited, together with rock particles and biochemical and chemical precipitates, in shallow depressions, chiefly in marine conditions. Under burial and compaction the organic matter went through a series of processes before being transformed into petroleum, which migrated from the source rock to become trapped in large underground reservoirs beneath a layer of impermeable rock. The petroleum often floats above a layer of water and is held under pressure beneath a layer of natural gas.
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In its unrefined form petroleum is known as crude oil (sometimes rock oil).
